![]() ![]() Despite such drastic changes, modern international submarine cables are frequently structured in unique ways, nowhere to be found in other industries, such as informal consortia, club cables, or the somewhat recent carrier’s carrier models. Because such national authorities grant authorizations/concessions for ground and seabed occupations, and because they also control and regulate national telecom markets and release telecom licenses, the purchasers/owners of submarine cable systems have historically structured these projects in very specific and almost unique ways in international trade.įor the last several decades, the telecom environment has changed dramatically as a result of the intense worldwide deregulation, as well as the takeover of the Internet, or (more generally) of IP content, leading to an increased number of players in each country. frequently only a small portion of the cable system assets), cannot be ignored when you wish to land and operate a new cable in a specific country. The scope of rules of national administrations, although limited to the territorial parts (i.e. The full design of the system shall be carefully selected: not only its internal design, but also its protection (including the choice of routes, cable types and methods of installation) in order to minimize the outage periods throughout its design lifetime. The system uses state-of-the-art technology and should be designed to be as resilient as possible in the face of technology evolution, in order to benefit from its quarter-of-a-century lifetime. The infrastructure aims at serving several national markets and its financing usually requires targeting a significant portion of each market. In other words, the dystem falls under numerous national jurisdictions, but it also comprises a significant portion within a no-jurisdiction area, where the limited UN Law of the Sea is applicable. The system is installed on various territories, on land, within territorial waters, and almost inevitably in international eaters, which included the Exclusive Economic Zone (or EEZ). Developing and building an international submarine cable system is a unique activity, because such projects have some very peculiar aspects:
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